VO₂ max, a measure of the maximum oxygen uptake during intense exercise, is closely related to cardiovascular and aerobic fitness. Studies have shown that higher levels of VO₂max are associated with better cognitive health and a lower risk of developing dementia.

Here’s how VO₂max relates to neurodegenerative diseases like dementia:

Improved Cerebral Blood Flow: Higher VO₂max is linked to enhanced cardiovascular health, supporting better brain blood flow. Efficient blood flow helps in oxygen and nutrient delivery, crucial for maintaining cognitive functions and brain health and reducing the risk of neurodegenerative diseases like dementia.

Neuroplasticity and Brain Volume: Regular aerobic exercise, which boosts VO₂max, has increased brain volume in regions associated with memory and learning, such as the hippocampus. Maintaining brain volume may protect against cognitive decline and dementia.

Reduced Inflammation and Oxidative Stress: Aerobic fitness helps lower systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, which are known contributors to the progression of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease.

Greater Cerebral Myelination: A recent study Evidence of association between higher cardiorespiratory fitness and higher cerebral myelination in aging stated, “Higher VO₂max is associated with greater cerebral myelination, particularly in middle-aged and older adults, providing insights into the potential protective role of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in attenuating demyelination in aging.”

Improved Metabolic Health: Higher VO₂max is often associated with better metabolic health, including insulin sensitivity and cholesterol management. Poor metabolic health, particularly in midlife, is a significant risk factor for dementia.

Enhanced Cognitive Function: Studies have shown that individuals with higher VO₂max scores perform better on cognitive tests and are less likely to experience cognitive decline over time.

In summary, maintaining a high VO₂max through regular aerobic exercise can protect brain health and reduce the risk of developing dementia later in life.